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618; P less then .01). Higher proportions of Tc1 (r = -.488; P less then .05) and Tc17 (r = -.542; P less then .05) were significantly correlated with a reduced FEF25%-75% % predicted value in M. pneumoniae-associated BO patients. Conclusions Our comprehensive cytokines analysis of BAL T cells revealed correlations of IL-17-producing and IFN-γ-producing T cells with lung function, suggesting that increased T-cell subpopulations may play a role in M. pneumoniae-associated BO progression.Background Whole blood (WB) is rapidly emerging as the treatment modality of choice for the initial resuscitation of civilian trauma patients across the United States. The reemergence of WB has been rapid and driven in part by recognition of the importance of early plasma transfusion in the resuscitation process. Study design and methods The study was designed as a critical analysis of the available literature on WB transfusion in civilian trauma patients. Studies were included if they reported on transfusion of cold-stored WB used in a civilian setting and measured safety, feasibility, or a direct clinical outcome. Results Examination of the available literature supports the feasibility and safety of WB used in treatment of civilian trauma patients. The evidence regarding clinical outcomes, particularly with direct comparison to equivalent doses of component therapy, is more limited. The literature is predominantly descriptive and retrospective in nature and limited by the heterogeneity of clinical WB protocols being used. Based on this limited data set, there are limited conclusions that can be used to definitely support or refute the clinical superiority of WB to component therapy. Conclusion Current literature supports the safety and feasibility of WB, but prospective randomized trials comparing WB to component therapy are needed to provide the definitive evidence on this topic.Aims The clinical features of schizophrenia can be mainly divided into two symptom domains positive and negative. Patients in each symptom domain respond differently to treatments, and their prognoses vary accordingly. Serum protein factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and the calcium-binding protein S100β, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, their roles in the positive and negative symptom domains have not been determined. In this study, we investigated whether the serum levels of these five protein factors differed among first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients in each symptom domain and healthy controls. CA3 Methods Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to quantify the amounts of the five protein factors in serum. Results Compared with the levels in the controls (n = 60), increased serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β and S100β and decreased serum levels of NGF and NT-3 were observed in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Additionally, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients characterized by negative symptoms (negative group, n = 37) than in those characterized by positive symptoms (positive group, n = 46). Based on multivariate regression analyses, serum levels of IL-1β were positively associated with the negative symptom subscore of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in the negative group and in all patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions The two subtypes of schizophrenia may have different pathological mechanisms. Patients characterized by negative symptoms probably have more serious disturbances in neuroimmunology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Aims To examine the impact of COVID-19 on acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics and management of patients admitted to a tertiary Heart Failure Unit in London during the peak of the pandemic. Methods and results Data from King’s College Hospital, London, reported to the National Heart Failure Audit for England and Wales, between 2nd March – 19th April 2020 were compared both to a pre-COVID cohort and the corresponding time periods in 2017-2019 with respect to absolute hospitalization rates. Furthermore, we performed detailed comparison of patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic and patients presenting in the same period in 2019 with respect to clinical characteristics and management during the index admission. A significantly lower admission rate for AHF was observed during the study period compared to all other included time periods. Patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher rates of NYHA III or IV symptoms (96% vs. 77%, p=0.03) and severe peripheral oedema (39% vs. 14%, p=0.01). We did not observe any differences in inpatient management, including place of care and pharmacological management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) CONCLUSION Incident AHF hospitalization significantly declined in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitalized patients had more severe symptoms at admission. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the incidence of AHF declined or patients did not present to hospital while the national lockdown and social distancing restrictions were in place. From a public health perspective, it is imperative to ascertain whether this will be associated with worse long-term outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.New virus SARS-Cov-2 infection has spread over the world affecting all daily activities, including functioning of health services. Due to pandemic many hospitals were ordered to re-organize their work. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland. Two corresponding periods of 2019 and 2020 were compared in aspect of number of hospitalizations, sex and age profile of inpatients. We clearly showed a significant reduction of hospitalized patients during the pandemic period, with marked reduction of female patients. Moreover, the significant decrease of admissions to dermatology ward was observed within children and patients older than 70 years. Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (eg, atopic dermatitis, eczemas, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris) were less often hospitalized during the pandemic period. In contrast, patients suffering from dermatitis due to substances taken internally, erysipelas, syphilis and primary cutaneous lymphomas constituted significantly higher rate of hospitalized subjects in 2020 year.