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Low-molecular-weight heparin also inhibits activated coagulation factors, but is not used for long-term antithrombotic therapy since it is administrated subcutaneously.There are various types of dental root resorption. Orforglipron cell line Local external apical root resorption is often recognised after orthodontic therapy. However, a generalised form is rare. 3 patients with the rare dental condition ‘idiopathic generalised apical external root resorption’ were referred and treated within an 8-year period. The prognosis of preserving the dentition is for the most part unfavourable and only a very speculative prediction about (the pace of) progression can be given. No standard treatment protocol is available for this condition. A dental treatment plan should be flexible and individually adjusted to patient’s wishes.To assess the whitening effect of whitening toothpastes, their ingredients were studied. These toothpastes turned out to have an influence articularly on the extrinsic discoloration of teeth caused by staining. To a large extent, the effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes relies on removing these extrinsic stains, preventing new stains from developing and on certain optical effects. The intrinsic colour of the teeth themselves is not, however, effected.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the second most common cause of chronic pain in the human musculoskeletal system. The triad of symptoms of TMD includes pain within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), limitation of its mobility and capitations. The aim of the study was to present the methods of physiotherapy and to assess its effectiveness in patients with hypomobility of temporomandibular joints.

44 patients (40.2 ± 10.6 years) were examined for signs of TMD using the Manual Functional Analysis of masticatory system (MFA) questionnaire due to DC/TMD. In the above group, 20 patients showed hypomobility of TMJs and myofascial pain. They underwent a 3-week physiotherapy consisting of manual therapy and exercises. In the study group, linear measurements of TMJs mobility and palpation of selected masticatory muscles were performed. Pain was assessed before and after 3 weeks of therapy according to Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical processing of the data was done with STATISTICA 13 and was conducted considering significance at a p-value <0.05.

Significant improvement in TMJ’s mobility, which increased on average by 6.6 mm (p = 0.0005) and reducing of pain, a decrease of 3 points on average on the NRS Scale (p = 0.00002) were achieved.

The applied physiotherapy algorithm, including manual therapy and exercises of masticatory muscles, is effective in the case of improvement TMJ’s range of motion and reduction of pain in patients with hypomobility of TMJ’s.

The applied physiotherapy algorithm, including manual therapy and exercises of masticatory muscles, is effective in the case of improvement TMJ’s range of motion and reduction of pain in patients with hypomobility of TMJ’s.

OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is a common method of assessing clinical skills used at many universities. An important and at the same time difficult aspect of good examination preparation is obtaining a properly trained and well-motivated group of assessors. To effectively recruit and maintain cooperation with assessors, it is worth to know their opinion. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of teacher-examiners about OSCE and to identify the factors that could shape this opinion and influence on motivation.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire on teachers who participated as OSCE examiners. This questionnaire consisted of 21 questions about their perceptions. Answers were rated in a five-point Likert-type scale. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the data.

A total of 49 (out of 52) teachers participated in this study. Nearly 90% of examiners believed that it is fair, more than 90% that it is transparent. Despite the fact that 67% of examiners believe the examination is difficult to organize and 71% believe it is stressful for students, according to 72% of respondents the OSCE has a positive effect on learning. More than 91% of examiners believed that the OSCE is an appropriate test to assess students’ skills. Opinions about examination were independent of specialty, seniority, gender or taking the OSCE as students.

Teacher-examiners viewed the OSCE as a fair and transparent examination, adequate for assessment of skills and, despite it being difficult to organize, worth doing as it is appropriate to assess practical skills and positively influences students’ motivation to learn tested skills.

Teacher-examiners viewed the OSCE as a fair and transparent examination, adequate for assessment of skills and, despite it being difficult to organize, worth doing as it is appropriate to assess practical skills and positively influences students’ motivation to learn tested skills.

Cholecystolithiasis is one of the most frequent disorders of the human digestive system in a present population. It is common to point out that male gender is one of strong risk factors for complications during cholecystectomy, however the debate about that seems to be still open.

The aim of this study was to compare the values related to the course and treatment effects between gender in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, based on own material.

The study encompassed 504 patients who were admitted to General Surgery And Polytraumatic Injury Department of University Hospital in Kraków, Poland between 2013 and 2018, with the initial diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis (scheduled cases) and acute cholecystitis (emergency cases). The patients underwent surgical gallbladder removal. In this group there were 326 (64.7%) female and 178 (35.3%) male patients.

Statistically significant differences between both genders were found containing age, type of admission, numeric rating scale of pain during admission, rents, that gender is an independent risk factor for surgical gallbladder removal.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most widespread benign tumor affecting women of childbearing age. There are still gaps in the understanding of its pathogenesis. Telocytes are unique cells found in more than 50 different locations inside the human body. The functional relationship between cells could clarify the pathogenesis of leiomyomata. Examination of membrane receptors on telocytes could explain their role in fibrosis, oxidative stress, and myometrial contractility.

This research was conducted to assess the density of telocytes in terms of their putative role in leiomyoma formation by focusing on their correlation with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors.

For gross evaluation of uterine tissue samples from leiomyoma, routine histology of adjacent and unaffected myometrium was performed. Immunohistochemical analysis of c-kit, tryptase, CD34, PDGFRα (telocyte-specific), and ER and PRs (estrogen and progesterone receptors) was performed to examine uterine telocytes and the expression of sex steroid receptors.