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Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.01% to 0.97%. These aneurysms are often asymptomatic, although they occasionally manifest with hypertension, back pain, hematuria, or rupture. Despite limited evidence guiding treatment, women of childbearing age are consistently offered treatment because of the high risk of rupture. We present a case of a woman planning pregnancy with bilateral RAAs after failed endovascular management. She underwent bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo reconstruction, and autotransplantation for treatment of her aneurysms. This appears to be safe and effective for treatment of RAAs and should be considered in similar patients. © 2020 The Authors.Silk fibroin is a biomaterial with multiple beneficial properties for use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. When dissolving and processing the reconstituted silk fibroin solution by electrospinning, the arrangement and size of fibers can be manifold varied and according fiber diameters reduced to the nanometer range. Such nonwovens show high porosity as well as potential biocompatibility. Usually, electrospinning of most biomaterials demands for the application of additives, which enable stable electrospinning by adjusting viscosity, and are intended to evaporate during processing or to be washed out afterwards. However, the use of such additives increases costs and has to be taken into account in terms of biological risks when used for biomedical applications. In this study, we explored the possibilities of additive-free electrospinning of pure fibroin nonwovens and tried to optimize process parameters to enable stable processing. We used natural silk derived from the mulberry silkworm Bombyx . The most uniform fiber diameters of 998 ± 63 nm were obtained at 30 °C and 25% relative humidity, also showing the highest value for resistance to penetration (0.20 N). The according pure fibroin nonwoven also showed no signs of cytotoxicity. However, while the biological response showed statistical evidence, the material characteristics showed no statistically significant correlation to changes of the ambient conditions within the investigated ranges. We suggest that further experiments should explore additional ranges for temperature and humidity and further focus on the repeatability of material properties in dependency of suitable process windows. © 2020 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Radiation therapy to treat cancer has evolved significantly since the discovery of x-rays. Yet, radiation therapy still has room for improvement in reducing side effects and improving control of cancer. Safer and more effective delivery of radiation has led us to novel techniques and use of biomaterials. selleck compound Biomaterials in combination with radiation and chemotherapy have started to appear in pre-clinical explorations and clinical applications, with many more on the horizon. Biomaterials have revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging, and now are being cultivated into the field of theranostics, combination therapy, and tissue protection. This review summarizes recent development of biomaterials in radiation therapy in several application areas. © 2020 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.To reduce the burden of denture stomatitis and oral candidiasis, an aqueous solution containing polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH) was investigated as an antifungal disinfectant against the leading cause of these oral conditions, Candida albicans. The solutions formulated with concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 0.50 wt% enabled increasing disinfection at the initial 5min-contact with 72h-mature candida biofilms formed on denture liner specimens. After 10 min-contact, the solution at lower concentration has reached total fungal elimination. The results also indicated that the denture liners preserved their mechanical property after the maximum contact time with the solution at the highest tested concentration. The PHMGH aqueous solutions at 0.125 wt% could be applied to promote interim denture liner disinfection without promoting the loss of materials’ mechanical property. © 2020 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.A new type of biomedical Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy was developed and thermal extruded by different processes to investigate the effect of extrusion ratio and extrusion pass on its microstructure, mechanical property and degradation performance. The results show that the increase of extrusion ratio could promote the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process and led to the coarsening of DRXed grains. While the increase of extrusion pass also contributes to the DRX process but refines the DRXed grains. The simultaneous increasing of extrusion ratio and extrusion pass refines the secondary phases obviously. The increase of extrusion ratio has reduced the tensile strength but improved the elongation of the alloy significantly. However, the increase of extrusion pass could enhance the tensile strength and elongation simultaneously, especially the strength. The degradation performance has been optimized effectively through increasing the extrusion ratio and extrusion pass. © 2020 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Alloying combined with plastic deformation processing is widely used to improve mechanical properties of pure Zn. As-cast Zn and its alloys are brittle. Beside plastic deformation processing, no effective method has yet been found to eliminate the brittleness and even endow room temperature super-ductility. Second phase, induced by alloying, not only largely determines the ability of plastic deformation, but also influences strength, corrosion rate and cytotoxicity. Controlling second phase is important for designing biodegradable Zn alloys. In this review, knowledge related to second phases in biodegradable Zn alloys has been analyzed and summarized, including characteristics of binary phase diagrams, volume fraction of second phase in function of atomic percentage of an alloying element, and so on. Controversies about second phases in Zn-Li, Zn-Cu and Zn-Fe systems have been settled down, which benefits future studies. The effects of alloying elements and second phases on microstructure, strength, ductility, corrosion rate and cytotoxicity have been neatly summarized.