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MAOD method does lead to an overestimate of WAER%. Recommend to use the same calculation method for diagnosis and monitoring in the longitudinal study of long-term scientific research (such as the 4-year Olympic Games),to avoiding the difference in results caused by different calculation methods, which will further influence the development of coaches’ training plans and training implementation effect.Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on Cdc2-like kinase (CLK2) protein expression and the fat content in liver of mice fed with high fat diet. Methods C57BL/6 mice were distributed in normal diet, high fat diet (fed with highfat diet during 16 weeks) and trained high fat diet group (fed with high-fat diet during 16 weeks and exercised during 8 weeks),10 mice in each group. The expression of CLK2 protein in liver of each group was detected by Western blot. The fat content of liver in each group was detected by oil red O staining, and the relative genes of fat metabolism in each group were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Results The mice fed with high fat diet showed insulin resistance, the hepatic CLK2 content and fat content were increased compared to the normal diet group. Otherwise, the chronic physical exercise improved insulin resistance state, prevented the increasing of CLK2 in the liver and attenuated hepatic fat accumulation. ON123300 Conclusion Aerobic exercise could reduce the expression of CLK2 protein in the liver of mice fed with high fat diet.Objective To observe the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on the expressions of oxidative stress related enzymes in skeletal muscle of rats. Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group, which were the control group (C group), exhausted exercise group (E group), exercise + PKC inhibitor group (EC group), exercise + NOX inhibitor group (EA group). Three groups of exercise rats were familiarized with treadmill running for 3 days (5 m/min, once/d, no incline), then rested for one day. EC group was injected with PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (5 mg / kg) one day before and one hour before exercise, EA group was injected with NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 mg / kg) at the same time, group C and group E were injected with the same dose of normal saline. Three groups of exercise rats were subjected to a one-time treadmill exhaustion exercise, and the plantaris were taken after exhaustion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCF fluorescent probe, NOX2, NOX4, 3-NT were analyzed by Western blot, and PKC, NOX2, NOX4 were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. Results Compared with group C, ROS level, NOX2 and NOX4 protein expressions, PKC-NOX2 and PKC-NOX4 complex levels, and 3-NT production in group E were significantly increased (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), and ROS level was no significant difference in group EC and group EA (P＞0.05), and NOX4 protein expression in group EC was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group E, ROS level, NOX2 and NOX4 protein expressions, PKC-NOX2 and PKC-NOX4 complex levels, 3-NT production were decreased significantly (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Conclusion Exhausted exercise induces increased expressions of NOX2 and NOX4 proteins in skeletal muscle, and PKC mediates the production of ROS by regulating NOX2.Objective To study the effects of acute and chronic exercise on phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)signaling pathway in adipose tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). Methods A total of 52 SD male rats aged 15 months were randomly divided into normal control group (13) and high-fat group (39), and fed normal and high fat diets. After 8 weeks, the body weight of the high-fat group was higher 20% than that of the normal control group. After a small dose of STZ, the blood glucose level was ＞16.7 mmol/l, and the model was successfully established. The diabetic model group was randomly divided into a diabetic control group (DC, n=13), a diabetic chronic exercise group (DCE, n=13), and a diabetic acute exercise group (DAE, n=13). The DCE group underwent an 8-week swimming exercise and the DAE group performed a one-time swimming exercise. Blood lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin lee to the PI3K/AKT pathway in adipose tissue of T2DM rats reduced insulin sensitivity. ②Acute and chronic aerobic exercise can improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism through PI3K/AKT pathway, and the chronic exercise is better than acute exercise.Objective To observe the effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on obesity induced by high-fat diet in mice, and to explore whether its mechanism of action is related to the promotion of WAT browning. Methods Sixty c57bl/6j mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10) ①normal control group (ND group) normal feed feeding; ②Normal control + low dose DHM group (ND+L-DHM group) normal feed feeding was treated with low dose DHM (125 mg/(kg·d)); ③Normal control + high dose DHM group (ND+H-DHM group) normal feed feeding was treated with high dose DHM (250 mg/(kg·d)); ④High-fat diet group (HFD) high-fat diet; ⑤high-fat diet + low-dose DHM group (HFD+L-DHM group) high-fat diet feeding with low-dose DHM; ⑥High-fat diet + high-dose DHM group (HFD+H-DHM group) High-fat diet was treated with high-dose DHM. After 16 weeks, the mice were fasted overnight, blood samples were collected for fasting blood glucose and blood lipids, then the animals were sacrificed, body length was measured, and Lee’s index was calculated. After wee obesity; the mechanism might be associated with promoting WAT browning.Objective To observe the role of calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) in the pathogenesis of diabetic liver injury. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (control, n=10) and diabetes group (T1D, STZ 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, n=30), and the samples were collected at the 2nd, 4th and 8th week. Rats hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were randomly divided into normal control group (Control, 10% FBS-DMEM culture, n=5), high glucose group (HG, 10% FBS-DMEM+40 mmol/L glucose, treated for 48 h, n=5) and CaSR inhibitor group (HG+Calhex 231, 10% FBS-DMEM+40 mmol/L glucose+2.5 μmol/L Calhex231 for 48h, n=5). The body weight, blood glucose, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were measured dynamically. The changes of liver morphology and ultrastructure were observed by HE staining and Masson staining by transmission electron microscopy. The changes of CaSR and liver fibrosis related indexes were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, diabetic rats lost weight, while blood glucose, AST and ALT increased significantly, and the expression of CaSR, collagen 1(CO 1), collagen 3 (CO 3), matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1, -2 and -9 increased significantly.