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In addition, the less-developed cities and lower energy efficiency cities have greater potential to reduce CO2 emissions of the transport sector. Understanding the feature of CO2 emissions and the influencing factors of cities is critical for formulating city-level mitigation strategies of the transport sector in China. Overall, it is expected that the level of economic development is the main factor leading to the differences in CO2 emissions from a spatial-temporal perspective.Metals and metalloids pollution is an important worldwide problem due to the social and ecological effects and therefore has been the subject of many disciplines and the adverse impacts have been documented. In this study, content analysis and trends of studies focused on heavy metal accumulation in birds were presented. For this purpose, a bibliometric network analysis of the studies that use the concepts of “pollution,” “heavy metal,” and “birds” together in the abstract, keywords, and titles of the papers was carried out. The purpose of choosing this research method was summarizing the relation between birds and environmental pollution in an understandable manner to determine metals(loids) pollution, which become an important environmental problem. Bibliometric data consisting of approximately 971 papers were evaluated with VOSviewer program using the network analysis method to answer the research questions. The results revealed that birds act as bioindicators in the determination of environmental pollution and that the contaminant metals deposited in the various tissues of birds provide preliminary information about environmental pollution. The most of bird studies emphasized that the metal accumulation was mostly in the liver, kidneys, and feathers and the accumulation caused serious problems in most of the vital activities of the birds. The USA is in the leading country in birds-heavy metal studies followed by Spain, Canada, and China. In addition, the mercury (Hg) was the most extensively studied heavy metal in these studies.Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is an economically important plant due to its high oil content in the seeds. Fipronil is an extensively used phenylpyrazole insecticide. The present investigation aimed to assess the possible ameliorative effect of jojoba oil on fipronil induced toxicity in rats. Animals orally received the insecticide dissolved in corn oil by stomach tube at 1/10th LD50 for 28 days. Fipronil induced hepatorenal toxic effects evidenced by elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH activities, and urea and creatinine levels, with histomorphological changes in the liver and kidney. Brain GABA was elevated with histopathological alterations in the brain tissue. Oxidative stress was demonstrated in liver, brain, and kidney as indicated by elevated MDA and NO levels with reduction in GSH level and activities of SOD and CAT. In addition, caspase-3 gene expression was enhanced, while Bcl2 gene expression was downregulated in the three organs. Increased DNA fragmentation was recorded in the liver and kidney. Cotreatment of jojoba oil with fipronil ameliorated the toxic effects of fipronil on various organs with improvement of the antioxidant status, the rate of apoptosis and the histopathological alterations. In conclusion, jojoba oil provided significant protection against fipronil induced hepatorenal- and neuro-toxicity, by its antioxidant and antiapoptic effects, making it a possible beneficial protective of natural origin.This study analyzes whether an optimal level of urbanization (UB) exists at which the newly industrialized countries (NIC) can reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CE). The results suggest that UB has a positive effect when it is lower than the threshold value. Whereas UB has a negative effect on CE when it is above the threshold value, identify an optimal level in the NIC countries for CE. Moreover, industrialization, economic growth, and energy consumption have a positive significant impact on CE while renewable energy has a negative effect. The study is useful for policymakers to realize optimal UB level to reduce CE. Moreover, the balanced developmental approach for the rural-urban areas and encouragement of internal migration to small cities will minimize the flow of migration to metropolitan cities. Sustainable economic development required continuous energy supply; thus, the event of low carbon energy is extremely vital. The development of low carbon energy is very important and policymakers should improve the structure of energy consumption.This work assessed the impact of biodiesel impurities on CeO2 catalyst for soot combustion via soot-TPO experiments. The results showed that Na- and K-doped catalysts were assisted for soot combustion, while Ca- and P-doped catalysts had a negative effect. N2 adsorption-desorption and XRD results indicated that doping biodiesel impurities led to smaller surface area by blocking small pores. Surface chemical properties are suggested as major reasons for promoting soot combustion by means of XPS, H2-TPR, and O2-TPD. Na- and K-doped catalysts showed stronger redox ability and surface lattice oxygen mobility, poorly for Ca- and P-doped catalysts. Interestingly, a large number of surface oxygen species were observed on P-doped catalyst and it enhanced the ignition of bio soot. In the presence of NO, surface chemical properties including NOx storage/release capacity and NO oxidation ability were characterized by NO-adsorption DRIFTS, NO-TPO and NOx-desorption DRIFTS, alkali-doped catalyst with excellent NOx storage capacity that can release active oxygen species and gaseous NO2 accelerate heterogeneous soot combustion, and the poor NO conversion ability to NO2 that weakens the promotion effect of soot combustion. see more Particularly in the existence of P, the promotion effect of soot elimination in NO + O2 was further weakened by the reason of poor NOx storage capacity and NO oxidation ability.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes MeaurementInformation System (PROMIS®) measures have been translated into many languages and have been shown to have strong measurement properties across a wide range of clinical conditions. However, Nepali translations of the PROMIS short forms are not yet available. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PROMIS Pain Intensity, Pain Interference, Pain Behavior, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance short forms into Nepali.

We used the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation methodology, which incorporated two forward translations, synthesis of the translations, a back-translation, and three independent reviews, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, revisions, and proof reading. The translation and review teams were fluent in Nepali and English and represented five different countries and four continents. We evaluated the short forms for comprehensibility and relevance (two key aspects of the content validity of an instrument), conducting cognitive debriefing with six adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain, in compliance with recommendations by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).