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Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.

Network meta-analysis (NMA) has been widely used in the field of medicine and health, but the research topics and development trends are still unclear. This study aimed to identify the cooperation of countries and institutes and explore the hot topics and future prospects in the field of NMA.

Data of publications were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used CiteSpace V, HistCite 2.1, and Excel 2016 to analyze literature information, including years, journals, countries, institutes, authors, keywords, and co-cited references.

NMA research developed gradually before 2010 and rapidly in the following years. 2846 NMA studies were published in 771 journals in six languages. The PLoS One (110, 3.9%) was the most productive journal, and N Engl J Med (5904 co-citations) was the most co-cited journal. The most productive country was the United States (889, 31%) and the most productive institute was the University of Bristol (113, 4.0%). read more The active collaborations were observed between developeeration between developed and developing countries should be further strengthened. The treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and immune rheumatism are the main hot topics.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use reduces body weight (BW) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity and T2DM are strong risk factors of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether BW loss following SGLT2i treatment reduces AF risk in patients with T2DM remains unclear.

We used a medical database from a multicenter health care provider in Taiwan, which included 10,237 patients with T2DM, from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, whose BW data at baseline and at 12weeks of SGLT2i treatment were available. Patients were followed up from the drug index date until the occurrence of new-onset AF, discontinuation of the SGLT2i, or the end of the study period, whichever occurred first.

The patients’ baseline body mass index (BMI) was 28.08 [Formula see text] 4.88kg/m

. SGLT2i treatment was associated with a BW loss of 1.35 [Formula see text] 3.28kg (1.78%[Formula see text] 4.47%). There were 37.4%, 47.0%, and 15.6% of patients experienced no-BW loss (n = 3832), BW lo≥ 5.0% following SGLT2i treatment was associated with a lower risk of new-onset AF in patients with T2DM in real-world practice.

To evaluate the success of plaque reduction after external toothbrushing by instructed laypeople versus dental professionals using either a manual or powered toothbrush. Longitudinal, randomized, parallel-group intervention study in periodontitis patients with reduced oral hygiene quality undergoing anti-infective therapy. Patients were randomly and equally assigned to one of four groups laypeople using a manual or powered toothbrush or dental professionals using a manual or powered toothbrush. Plaque reduction (Quigley-Hein-Index (QHI), Marginal Plaque Index (MPI)), gingivitis (papilla bleeding index), and cleaning time (seconds) were investigated.

Thirty-nine patients participated in the study. Neither the choice of toothbrush (p = 0.399) nor the use of a dental professional (p = 0.790) had a significant influence on plaque levels achieved. However, multivariate modeling indicated statistically significant differences in the external cleaning time between brushing groups, with longer time required by laypeople (p = 0.002) and longer use of the powered toothbrush (p = 0.024).

When the ability to carry out personal oral hygiene is reduced, external brushing by dental professionals or instructed laypeople who meet previously defined criteria such as sufficient personal oral hygiene at home could help to fill the emerging dental care gap. A combination of oral hygiene approaches adapted to the individual needs of the patients in need of external help is necessary for optimum oral hygiene.

German Clinical Trials register ( https//www.germanctr.de ; number DRKS00018779; date of registration 04/11/2019).

German Clinical Trials register ( https//www.germanctr.de ; number DRKS00018779; date of registration 04/11/2019).

The relationship between dental caries and periodontal disease is still controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

The study population consisted of 4407 middle-aged and 4117 elderly subjects. Caries were divided into the following three types type A, crown caries; type B, lesions involving both the crown and root, representing mixed-type caries; and type C, root caries. These three types together represent the overall caries situation, which we call type ABC. Caries were quantitated by decayed and filled teeth (DFT index). Periodontitis was evaluated by clinical attachment loss.

Middle-aged people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT type B (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.17-1.25) and type C (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.56). Elderly people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT type C (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.21-1.35).

In China, caries types B/C were positively correlated with periodontitis in the middle-aged group, and only caries type C was positively correlated with periodontitis in the elderly group.