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During stair descent, the first peak were in the forefoot and the midfoot, and the second peak was in the forefoot. In healthy young male adults, forefoot and midfoot are significant regions in the way that they have higher pressure burdens than other foot regions during stair walking.In biomechanics, kinematic and electromyographic data can be represented as one-dimensional (1D) waveforms and compared by using 1D hypothesis tests. These statistical techniques are increasingly applied in the study of locomotion. However, although widely agreed as a key step to obtain reliable and replicable findings, no a priori sample size estimation is usually conducted. This can also be done in 1D tests by calculating the statistical power – i.e., the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false – by using statistical parametric mapping. With the present study we characterised the parameters needed to estimate sample size in locomotion, and how they impact on statistical power in 1D tests. First, noise and signal in kinematics and electromyography were defined using experimental data on locomotion in physiological and pathological participants. Then, 1D power analysis was performed in representative conditions, and a dataset of tabulated sample sizes was generated. Kinematic and electromyographic data showed a smooth Gaussian noise, with amplitude and full-width-at-half-maximum depending on the physiological or pathological condition, and the considered joint or muscle. Given a certain noise, statistical power increased i) with greater signal amplitude and signal full-width-at-half-maximum, ii) when setting a region of interest and iii) when using a paired (vs. unpaired) study design. The present work provides initial benchmarks for appropriate sampling in 1D hypothesis testing, meant to evaluate statistical power in 1D tests and assists sample size estimation in studies on locomotion.Rotator cuff pathology typically originates in the supraspinatus tendon, but uncertainty exists on how combinations of glenohumeral elevation angle and load intensity influence responses of the intact, functional supraspinatus unit. This study exposed the supraspinatus tendon to mechanical loading scenarios emulative of derived muscle force and postural conditions measured in vivo to document its responses. Right shoulders from 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were placed into one of eight testing groups combining glenohumeral elevation angles (0/30/60/75°) and a high or low load intensity for 1500 cycles at 0.25 Hz using a custom mounting apparatus attached to a tensile testing system. Load intensities were derived from in vivo human partitional muscular activation levels collected previously and scaled to the animal model. find more Mechanical response variables examined included tangent stiffness and hysteresis, in addition to localized surface stretch ratios calculated via virtual tracking points. A significant three-way interaction (p = 0.0009) between elevation angle, load magnitude and cycle number occurred for tangent stiffness, with increasing angles, loads and cycles increasing stiffness by up to 49%. Longitudinal stretch ratios had significant interactions (p = 0.0396) with increasing elevation angles, load intensities and cycle numbers, and differences existed between the articular and bursal sides of the tendon. Complex interactions between angle, load and cycle number suggest higher abduction angles, increased load magnitude and higher loading cycles increase tangent stiffness, stretch ratios and hysteresis within the tendon.The stability of a platelet thrombus under flow is believed to depend strongly on the local hemodynamics and on the thrombus’ porosity, permeability, and elasticity. A two-phase continuum model is used to investigate the biomechanics of thrombus stability in stenotic channels. It treats the thrombus as a porous, viscoelastic material moving differently than the background fluid. The dynamic clot-flow interaction is modeled through a frictional drag term. The model explicitly tracks the formation and breaking of interplatelet molecular bonds, which directly determine the viscoelastic property of the thrombus and govern its ability to resist fluid drag. We characterize the stability/fragility of thrombi for various flow speeds, porosities, bond concentrations, and bond types.Magnesium alloy has attracted most of the recent attention as a candidate for stent material due to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature. However, their corrosion behavior in the human body is still a major issue in research today. In this paper, a strategy to simulate damage evolution in biodegradable magnesium alloy stent is given by introducing a configurational damage model. In the framework of continuum thermodynamics, one can characterize the development and evolution of local damage of materials by establishing internal variables in phenomenological method. We believe that corrosion can damage alloy in two different ways surface corrosion and stress corrosion. Surface corrosion is described using uniform damage, when the structure is exposed in a corrosion environment; Configurational force is used to describe stress corrosion when the structure is exposed in a stimulating environment. We then select global damage and radial resistance force to perform the changes of macroscopic mechanical properties during stent degradation. Finally, the well performance of the proposed model is demonstrated through several numerical examples. This model has the potential to assist stent design and development in the future.Low impact falls to the side are the main cause of hip fractures in elderly. Finite element (FE) models of the proximal femur may help in the assessment of patients at high risk for a hip fracture. However, extensive validation is essential before these models can be used in a clinical setting. This study aims to use strain measurements from bilateral digital image correlation to validate an FE model against ex vivo experimental data of proximal femora under a sideways fall loading condition. For twelve subjects, full-field strain measurements were available on the medial and lateral side of the femoral neck. In this study, subject-specific FE models were generated based on a consolidated procedure previously validated for stance loading. The material description included strain rate dependency and separate yield and fracture strain limits in tension and compression. FE predicted fracture force and experimentally measured peak forces showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.92). The FE simulations predicted the fracture initiation within 3 mm distance of the experimental fracture line for 8/12 subjects.