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The irradiance and dose levels produced by the tunable UV laser during the project are also presented. The transportability of the TTUV system enabled it to be brought to a microbiology facility allowing the water samples (microbial suspensions) to be irradiated in a location with experienced staff and facilities for preparing, handling, analyzing, storing, and shipping the many samples studied. These results, published elsewhere, established that the tunable UV laser system provides unique UVGI capabilities for use with water pathogens and has applications for other pathogen experiments, for example, air-purification studies.We report an experimental implementation for neutron transverse polarization analysis that is capable of detecting a small angular change (≪10-3 rad) in neutron spin orientation. This approach is demonstrated for monochromatic beams, and we show that it could be extended to polychromatic neutron beams. Our approach employs a 3He spin filter inside a solenoid with an analyzing direction perpendicular to the incident neutron polarization direction. The method was tested with polarized neutron beams and a spin rotator placed inside a μ-metal shield just upstream of the analyzer. No cryogenic superconducting shields or additional neutron spin manipulations are needed. With a counting detector, we experimentally show that the angular resolution δθ=1/(PnAN) rad is only determined by the counting statistics for the total counts N and the product of the neutron polarization Pn and the analyzing power A. With a high-flux neutron beam, 10-6 rad angular sensitivity is feasible within a day. This simple, classical-quantum-limited transverse polarization analysis scheme may reduce the overall complexity of experimental implementation for applications requiring sensitive neutron polarimetry and improve the precision in fundamental science studies and polarized neutron imaging.A high voltage power supply system for a compact neutron generator is developed. A four-stage symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit is adopted to produce 300 kV direct current high voltage. A two-stage 360 kV isolation transformer system is used to drive the ion source power supply. The high voltage power supply and the isolation transformer system are integrated in an epoxy bucket with a size of ϕ360 × 700 containing No. 25 transformer oil. The maximum output voltage of the power supply can reach 300 kV. The variation in the high voltage power supply is less than 0.5% when the power supply works at 300 kV/6 mA with an input voltage variation of ±8%. Meanwhile, the isolation transformer system can withstand more than 360 kV, with its output power being about 2.5 kW. No overvoltage protection devices are used in the power supply, and the protection resistors are connected in series to two pairs of rectifiers at the highest and lowest potential terminals and to the output terminal of the voltage multiplier to prevent overcurrent.The Hiden pQA portable gas analyzer is a versatile mass spectrometer suitable for broad application ranges where analysis of dissolved species in liquid samples is required. The system’s gas analysis breakthrough features are its ability to handle small sample volumes and in environmental applications where detection of low concentration levels is required. In this article, the system’s instrumental characteristics and a few high-impact applications are described.Environmental risk assessment for impact pile driving requires characterization of the radiated sound field. Damped cylindrical spreading (DCS) describes propagation of the acoustic Mach cone generated by striking a pile and predicts sound exposure level (LE) versus range. For known water depth and sediment properties, DCS permits extrapolation from a measurement at a known range. Impact assessment criteria typically involve zero-to-peak sound pressure level (Lp,pk), root-mean-square sound pressure level (Lp,rms), and cumulative sound exposure level (LE,cum). To facilitate predictions using DCS, Lp,pk and Lp,rms were estimated from LE using empirical regressions. Using a wind farm construction scenario in the North Sea, DCS was applied to estimate ranges to recommended thresholds in fishes. For 3500 hammer strikes, the estimated LE,cum impact ranges for mortal and recoverable injury were up to 1.8 and 3.1 km, respectively. Applying a 10 dB noise abatement measure, these distances reduced to 0.29 km for mortal injury and 0.65 km for recoverable injury. An underlying detail that produces unstable results is the averaging time for calculating Lp,rms, which by convention is equal to the 90%-energy signal duration. A stable alternative is proposed for this quantity based on the effective signal duration.The present study investigated how single-talker and babble maskers affect auditory and lexical processing during native (L1) and non-native (L2) speech recognition. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were made while L1 and L2 (Korean) English speakers listened to sentences in the presence of single-talker and babble maskers that were colocated or spatially separated from the target. The predictability of the sentences was manipulated to measure lexical-semantic processing (N400), and selective auditory processing of the target was assessed using neural tracking measures. selleck kinase inhibitor The results demonstrate that intelligible single-talker maskers cause listeners to attend more to the semantic content of the targets (i.e., greater context-related N400 changes) than when targets are in babble, and that listeners track the acoustics of the target less accurately with single-talker maskers. L1 and L2 listeners both modulated their processing in this way, although L2 listeners had more difficulty with the materials overall (i.e., lower behavioral accuracy, less context-related N400 variation, more listening effort). The results demonstrate that auditory and lexical processing can be simultaneously assessed within a naturalistic speech listening task, and listeners can adjust lexical processing to more strongly track the meaning of a sentence in order to help ignore competing lexical content.