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ns. To serve as a reference in scientific evaluations of the environmental impact of microplastics, future studies should focus on obtaining toxicological data for the microplastics.Engineered metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNs), which have unique physical and chemical properties, are widely used in various fields such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, and microelectronics as well as in daily supplies. These MCNs are inevitably released into the environment during production and use, thus posing a threat to bacterial communities, animals, plants, and human health. There are also abundant natural MCNs in the environment, which play an important role in the environmental cycle of metals. SuperTDU The shape, size, and surface properties of MCNs have a significant impact on their migration, chemical and physical transformation, and biological intake in the environment. Therefore, the analysis and detection of MCNs in the environment should be aimed not only at quantifying their concentration and chemical composition, but also at determining their shape, particle size, and surface charge. In addition, for the detection of MCNs in the environment, challenges due to their low concentrations and the interfuding the separation mechanism, sample volume, analytical time, detection sensitivity, size range, size resolution, recovery, reproducibility, and capability for ion analysis. Finally, this review proposes the prospects for future development of the online hyphenation of non-stationary phase separation techniques with ICP-MS and SP-ICP-MS.Human exposure to chemical pollutants in the environment can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.). Exogenous and environmental pollutant exposure-induced endogenous aldehydes are highly reactive electrophilic compounds that can form covalently modified products with a variety of important biological molecules in the human body, thus inducing toxic effects. Exposome research has become a hotspot since it was first proposed in 2005. Exposure studies can map the complex relationships between biomarkers and disease risk. Therefore, the measurable and characteristic changes of all biomarkers together constitute a key basis for exposome research. Aldehydes are among the main components of chemical exposure. Because of the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and the existence of multiple matrix interferences in the samples, it is particularly difficult to analyze and characterize themioinformatics, and advent of single-cell analysis and MS imaging, future aldehyde exposome analytical methods will have higher sensitivity and throughput. This in turn would be more useful for screening and identifying unknown aldehyde compounds and discovering new exposome biomarkers.Owing to the strict restrictions on the production and use of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogs (e. g., bisphenol S and bisphenol F) are gradually coming to use in many fields. BPA and these bisphenol analogs are so-called bisphenols (BPs). BPs as a class of endocrine disrupters are widely distributed in the environment (water, sediments, sludge, and aquatic products). BPs enter the human body through various routes, leading to endocrine disruption, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, dioxin-like effects, and neurotoxicity. The Canadian government has identified BPs as substances for further scoping/problem formulation. Because of the widespread attention paid to BPs in the environmental field, research is being expanded to cover water, sediment, dust, and biological samples, and other media. Given the significant differences in the complexity and pollution concentration of environmental samples, the development of pretreatment methods that afford high extraction efficiency, good purificatio but at the same time, more efficient and environment-friendly methodologies are required. With the introduction of high-sensitivity instruments in the market, the SPE model is seeing gradual development in terms of miniaturization, automation, and simplification. This in turn has minimized solvent consumption, analysis time, and labor cost, resulting in more efficient and affordable analytical methods such as QuEChERS, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) to adapt to the new development scenario.With rapid urbanization, increasing amounts of chemicals are being used in our daily life. Emerging organic contaminants are a large class of chemicals that are widely detected in the environment. They include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, and endocrine-disrupting compounds. Recently, many countries have reported the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants. In addition, emerging organic contaminants are frequently detected in various environmental samples, including river and lake water samples. Despite their low concentrations in the environment, emerging organic contaminants are potential risks to humans and wildlife. Because they could lead to endocrine disrupting effects and the occurrence of resistance genes. Thus, the detection of emerging organic contaminants in the environment is imperative for ecological systems and human health. The recent development of analytical techniques has led to the identification of more emerging organic contaminants iof such contaminants and the principles of lyophilization. The application of lyophilization to the detection of emerging organic contaminants in the environment is also introduced. The future of lyophilization is discussed, which provides a reference for emerging contaminant detection in environmental samples.Antibiotics have been overused in recent years because of their remarkable curative effect, but this has led to considerable environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of approaches aimed at the effective detection and control of the antibiotics is vital for protecting the environment and human health. Many conventional strategies (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)) are currently in use for the detection of antibiotics. These strategies have aroused a great deal of interest because of their outstanding features of high efficiency and speed, good reproducibility, automation, etc. However, various problems such as tedious sample pretreatment, low detection sensitivity, and high cost must be overcome for the effective detection of antibiotics in environmental samples. Consequently, it is of great significance to improve the detection sensitivity of antibiotics. The development of new materials combined with the existing detection technology has great potential to improve the detection results for antibiotics.