Activity

thod. The differences in estimates highlight the need for a unified methodology to estimate the burden of antimicrobial resistance in order to accurately advise health policy makers and prioritize resources expenditure.

This is the first nationwide study that quantifies the healthcare costs of antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon. For cases with HAIs, matched cohort analysis showed more conservative estimates compared with post-HAIs method. The differences in estimates highlight the need for a unified methodology to estimate the burden of antimicrobial resistance in order to accurately advise health policy makers and prioritize resources expenditure.

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an important and common cause of acute renal failure. There are no generally accepted guidelines for the treatment of AIN, due to the lack of prospective randomized trials. Since AIN is characterized by an enhanced immune response, immunosuppressive treatment could potentially improve prognosis by attenuating inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. Despite the limited evidence of effects of steroids and potential adverse effects, prednisolone is frequently used in the treatment of AIN and there is a strong need for clinical trials on the effects of immunosuppression, including steroids, in the treatment of AIN. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prednisolone treatment in AIN, and hypothesized a positive effect of prednisolone treatment on renal function in AIN.

The study is a randomized, controlled, prospective, open label multicenter study, including incident adult patients with biopsy proven AIN. Patients will be randomized 11 to one of 2 treatment regimens A. timately, this would lead to improved and evidence based clinical guidelines for the treatment of AIN.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04376216 (Retrospectively registered on May 6, 2020).

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04376216 (Retrospectively registered on May 6, 2020).

Maternal age < 18 or > 34 years, short inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviours (HRFB). Underfive mortality being disproportionately concentrated in Asia and Africa, this study analyses the association between HRFB and underfive mortality in selected Asian and African countries.

This study used Integrated Public Microdata Series-Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS-DHS) data from 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, North Africa and South Asia from 1986 to 2017 (N = 1,467,728). Previous evidence hints at four markers of HRFB women’s age at birth of index child < 18 or > 34 years, preceding birth interval < 24 months and child’s birth order > 3. Using logistic regression, we analysed change in the odds of underfive mortality as a result of i) exposure to HRFB individually, ii) exposure to any single HRFB risk factor, iii) exposure to multiple HRFB risk factors, and iv) exposure to specific combinations of HRFB t preceding birth interval significantly increase the risk of underfive mortality. This highlights the need for an effective legislation to curb child marriages and increased public investment in reproductive healthcare with a focus on higher contraceptive use for optimal birth spacing.

The willingness to try in vitro fertilization (IVF) as an infertility treatment, as well as its psychosocial consequences for couples, may be influenced by how they perceive the attitudes of general public towards this procedure. The focus of the current study was to identify predictors of attitudes towards mothers who underwent IVF to conceive a child. Three predictors were derived from attitude components contact with someone who had undergone IVF (behavior), moral foundations (emotions), and the level of knowledge (cognition) about IVF.

In total, 817 participants (118 male and 692 female, 7 unreported) from Poland took part in the study. Participants were asked whether they knew a person who underwent IVF, completed a Moral Foundation Questionnaire, and answered a pre-piloted IVF knowledge test. Attitudes towards women who utilised IVF were measured with a modified Bogardus Social Distance Scale. GSK-3008348 Integrin antagonist Data were analysed using hierarchical and logistic regression analyses.

The results showed that there was a weak link between previous contact with a person who underwent IVF and a positive attitude toward a woman who underwent IVF. The attitudes was also predicted by moral foundations positively by care/harm and fairness/cheating foundations, and negatively by sanctity/degradation. Importantly, more knowledge about IVF was linked with a more positive attitude towards IVF, and this effect explained additional variance over and above moral foundations.

Our study implies the need of psychoeducation to prevent stigmatization of individuals who try IVF due to infertility.

Our study implies the need of psychoeducation to prevent stigmatization of individuals who try IVF due to infertility.

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been suggested as a beneficial supplement in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate all the RCTs about the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes and oxidative stress parameters in patients with CKD.

We performed a systematic database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, up to May 2020. We included all placebo-controlled randomized trials that assessed the effect of omega-3 FAs supplementation on any cardiometabolic outcomes blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or triglycerides (TG) and oxidative stress parameters. Data were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird’s random-effects model.

Finally, thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria for this review omega-3 FAs supplementation significantly decrease TC (SMDCI - 1.29, - 0.54; I2 = 00.0%) and also significantly increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD 0.58; 95% CI 0.27, 0.90; I2 = 00.0%) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD 0.50; 95% CI 0.14, 0.86; I2 = 00.0%) activities. However our results show that omega-3 FAs supplementation have no significant effects on HDL, LDL and blood pressure. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis supports current evidence for the clinical benefit of omega-3 FAs intake to improve cardiometabolic parameters in CKD patients. However, well-designed RCTs still needed to provide a conclusive picture in this field.