Activity

We study the geographical variation of the skull in the cavies Microcavia australis and M. maenas and its association with environmental variables. We tested four hypotheses previously proposed to explain the geographic patterns of morphological variation i) heat conservation; ii) heat dissipation; iii) primary productivity and iv) seasonality. We used 16 cranial measurements taken from 180 individuals. We analyzed the spatial variation in cranial morphology through Generalized Additive Models. Both species showed a north-south clinal gradient in skull size (increasing towards colder, less seasonal environments, with lower summer rainfalls in M. australis and towards warmer and seasonal environments in M. maenas). Microcavia australis presented greater ecomorphological variability than M. maenas, in agreement with its wider distribution and occurrence in more diverse environments. Also, the length of tympanic bullae in M. australis was larger towards its northern distributional range (associated to smaller skulls), and smaller to the south (associated to larger skulls). Overall, the distributional range of both species coincided with unproductive environments, where temperature represents a limiting factor and, together with rainfall, might determine the observed morphological patterns.

Due to the lack of normal standards of anorectal manometry in Brazil, data used are subject to normality patterns described at different nationalities.

To determine the values and range of the parameters evaluated at anorectal manometry in people, at productive age, without pelvic floor disorders comparing the parameters obtained between male and female.

Prospective analysis of clinical data, such as gender, age, race, body mass index (BMI) and anorectal manometry, of volunteers from a Brazilian university reference in pelvic floor disorders.

Forty patients were included, with a mean age of 45.5 years in males and 37.2 females (p=0.43). According to male and female, respectively in mmHg, resting pressures were similar (78.28 vs. 63.51, p=0.40); squeeze pressures (153.89 vs. 79.78, p=0.007) and total squeeze pressures (231.27 vs. 145.63, p=0.002). Men presented significantly higher values of anorectal squeeze pressures, as well as the average length of the functional anal canal (2.85 cm in male vs. 2.45 cm in female, p=0.003).

Normal sphincter pressure levels in Brazilians differ from those used until now as normal literature standards. Male gender has higher external anal sphincter tonus as compared to female, in addition a greater extension of the functional anal canal.

Normal sphincter pressure levels in Brazilians differ from those used until now as normal literature standards. Male gender has higher external anal sphincter tonus as compared to female, in addition a greater extension of the functional anal canal.

In the last decades, numerous studies have confirmed the importance of lactate – by-product to the nutrient signal of the intracellular redox state – to regulatory functions in energy metabolism.

To evaluate changes in blood lactate in patients with severe obesity and its correlation with body composition and metabolic profile.

Twenty-four people with severe obesity (BMI=40 kg/m2) were evaluated in a prospective case-control study before and six months after Roux-in-Y gastric bypass. The blood lactate, total cholesterol, and fractions, C-reactive protein and HOMA-IR were analyzed after 12 h fasting. Body mass composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance and respiratory quotient was measured by indirect calorimetry.

The initial lactate level was 2.5±1.1 mmol/l and returned to normal level (1.9±3.6 mmol/l, p=0.0018) after surgery. This reduction was positively correlated with a decrease in BMI (p=0.0001), % free fat mass (p=0,001), % fat mass (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.01). There was normalization of lactatemia in 70% of patients. There was no correlation between lactatemia and C-reactive protein.

There was a significant improvement of metabolic parameters, normalization of blood lactate, fat mass loss, although these individuals remained with a high BMI.

There was a significant improvement of metabolic parameters, normalization of blood lactate, fat mass loss, although these individuals remained with a high BMI.

About 50% of the patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma will present with liver metastasis and 20% are synchronic. Liver resection is associated with improvement in survival in comparison to chemotherapy alone.

To analyze the overall survival in patients submitted to liver resection of colorectal cancer metastasis and prognostic factors related to the primary and secondary tumors.

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database regarding demographic, primary tumor and liver metastasis characteristics.

There were 84 liver resections due to colorectal cancer metastasis in the period. The 5-year disease-free and overall survivals were 27.5% and 48.8% respectively. The statistically significant factors for survival were tumor grade (p=0.050), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.021), synchronous metastasis (p=0.020), as well as number (p=0.004), bilobar distribution (p=0.019) and diameter of the liver metastasis over 50 mm (p=0.027). Remained as independent negative predictive factors lymphovascular invasion (HR=2.7; CI 95% 1.106-6.768; p=0.029), synchronous metastasis (HR=2.8; CI 95% 1.069-7.365; p=0.036) and four or more liver metastasis (HR=1.7; CI 95% 1.046-2.967; p=0.033).

The resection of liver metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma leads to good survival rates. Lymphovascular invasion was the single prognostic factor related to the primary tumor. Synchronous disease and four or more metastasis were the most significant factors related to the secondary tumor.

The resection of liver metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma leads to good survival rates. Lymphovascular invasion was the single prognostic factor related to the primary tumor. Synchronous disease and four or more metastasis were the most significant factors related to the secondary tumor.

In the definition of the mesh to be used to correct hernias, porosity, amount of absorbable material and polypropylene should be considered in the different stages of healing process.

To evaluate the inflammatory reaction in the use of macro and microporous meshes of high and low weight in the repair of defects in the abdominal wall of rats.

Ninety Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Savolitinib in vivo The animals were submitted to similar surgical procedures, with lesion of the ventral abdominal wall, maintaining the integrity of the parietal peritoneum and correction using the studied meshes (Prolene®, Ultrapro® and Bard Soft®). Euthanasia was performed at 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery. The abdominal wall segments were submitted to histological analysis using H&E, Masson’s trichrome, immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red and tensiometric evaluation.

On the 120th day, the tensiometric analysis was superior with Ultrapro® macroporous mesh. The inflammatory process score showed a significant prevalence of subacute process at the beginning and at the end of the study.