Activity

species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of

are missing.

The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of

species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100).

isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.

The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for

spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1).

had highest prevalence among

species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.

Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with

that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran.

species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with

species.

Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with Arcobacter that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. Arcobacter species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with Arcobacter species.

Intestinal pathotypes of

belong to the companion animals may poses potential risk to public health following zoonotic transmission. Therefore, this study was proposed to determine the virulence genes associated to diarrheagenic

strains isolated from healthy pet dogs and their owners in the southeast of Iran, Kerman province.

Totally 168

isolates were collected from 49 healthy household dogs and their owners. Seventy isolates were obtained from non-pet owners as control group. Presence or absence of the virulence genes including

and

were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dissemination pattern of the genes were studied among the various hosts.

PCR examinations showed that the most frequent virulence gene was

(6.1%) in dogs followed by

in dog owners (6.1%) and in controls (8.6%). The most frequent pathotypes in dogs, their owners and controls were EIEC (6.1%), EHEC (4.08%) and EPEC (8.5%), respectively. In one of studied houses, both of dog and its owner harbssion of E. coli pathotypes may occurs by direct contact with the reservoirs or ingestion of contaminated food. These pathotypes are potentially virulent and creates public health hazards. Further studies are needed for better understanding of dissemination mechanisms of E. coli pathotypes among humans and their pets.

Recent studies have hypothesized that sterile disc infection with the anaerobic

, recently renamed

, occurs in people with intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. This study aimed to examine the presence of

in patients who have Low back pain (LBP) with Modic changes observed in their Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Thirty-seven patients who were candidates for surgery due to disc herniation and demonstrated Modic changes in MRI were included in the study. Before the surgery, the level of pain in patients was assessed using the visual analog score (VAS). All patients were asked to fill in the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. Intervertebral disc changes observed in MRI were recorded for all patients. Then, during surgery, sterile intervertebral disc samples were taken.

detection was performed using PCR in the laboratory. Data analysis with Chi-squared test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS 18.0.

The mean age of 37 patients equaled 43.64 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 11.05 months. In molecular examination, of the 37 individuals, the genome of

was positive in 23 cases (62.2%) and negative in 14 (37.8%). The relationship between VAS, disability score, changes in MRI, and patients’ age with the positivity of the intervertebral disc sample was also assessed. Of these variables, only age was significantly correlated with the positive molecular finding, such that with an increase in age, the probability of positive findings was increased (p = 0.022).

Based on the results, lumbar disc infection with

may play a significant role in causing Modic changes and the progression of the disease in patients with LBP.

Based on the results, lumbar disc infection with P. acnes may play a significant role in causing Modic changes and the progression of the disease in patients with LBP.

Diphtheria is a potentially fatal disease caused by toxigenic bacterial infection, particularly from

. Selleck Fluorouracil Isolation of

is technically lacking in sensitivity, and Elek’s test to detect toxin production has several difficulties associated with its application. Duplex real-time PCR to throat swab of suspected diphtheria patients can detect both bacteria and toxin-encoding genes simultaneously, faster, with higher sensitivity and specificity.

A total of 89 consecutive throat swabs from suspected diphtheria patients were collected from Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, during 2018 to 2019. Two pairs of primers and probes, targeting the

gene of

and the A-subunit of the diphtheria toxin gene, were used in this study. Parameters including annealing temperature, concentration of primers and probes, inhibitors, cross-reaction and detection limit were all optimized. Elek’s toxigenicity test and clinical data were analyzed for comparison.

The optimum annealing temperature was 55°C. The concentrations of

primer,

primer,

probe and

probe were 0.4, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.625 µM, respectively. DNA elution and template volumes were 50 µL and 5 µL. The detection limit was 2 CFU/mL. No cross-reaction with other microorganisms was observed. Of the 89 samples, duplex real-time PCR gave better results than the standard test, with 19 (21.3%) and 10 (11.2%) patients diagnosed with diphtheria, respectively.

Duplex real-time PCR increases the rate of laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria, compared to the standard method to detect potentially toxigenic

.

Duplex real-time PCR increases the rate of laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria, compared to the standard method to detect potentially toxigenic C. diphtheriae.